von Hans Pfleiderer
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25. November 2025
Pascal Schöning’s Manifesto for a Cinematic Architecture deserves recognition for one essential reminder: architecture is not an accumulation of objects but an experience, a sequence, an unfolding event in time. As an architect, I have often witnessed buildings being celebrated as sculptural trophies while atmosphere, sound, temperature, and movement are treated as secondary concerns. In this sense, Schöning is a necessary irritant to a discipline obsessed with objects. But as someone who works with both buildings and cameras, I also see the limits of his argument — limits he does not cross because his theory slides too far into a filmic worldview, one in which human beings trade their eyes for lenses and their perception for sensors. 1. Spatial experience is not cinematic — it is human Schöning insists that architecture should be understood primarily through time and movement. Partially true. Yes: architecture is temporal. Every step changes perspective. But human perception does not function like a camera. Our experience of space is multi-sensory and embodied: temperature, acoustics, proprioception, texture, memory, smell, social context. Cinema captures only a narrow slice of this. To define architecture through cinema is to reduce spatial experience to framing, sequencing, and light direction. That does not expand architecture; it diminishes it. 2. The camera is not an architectural instrument — it is an apparatus of interpretation Schöning replaces drawings with the camera. This sounds radical, but it is conceptually unstable. A camera records the visible, but architecture includes the non-visible: structure, acoustics, thermal behavior, circulation logic, aging, responsibility, codes, and the lived patterns of occupants. Film excels at atmosphere — not at conveying what makes a building endure, function, and serve. An architect who plans through the camera alone designs pictures, not places. 3. The danger of turning architecture into esotericism Schöning argues that architecture can exist purely as a mental construct. As poetry, this is fine. As theory, it dissolves architecture into metaphysics. Architecture becomes a consciousness experiment, detached from material, construction, and human necessity. As a filmmaker, I accept that cinema creates mental spaces. As an architect, I know that: A building that exists only in thought shelters no one. Architecture may begin in perception, but it must return to earth — to material, gravity, climate, people. 4. Technological romanticism: when the architect becomes a cameraman The manifesto sometimes treats the camera as a transcendental instrument — a replacement for intuition, craft, and responsibility. But the camera is always selective, always partial. Filmic perception is technologically mediated; architectural perception is embodied. Schöning conflates these realms and elevates the technical filter into a superior way of seeing. 5. A cinematic approach remains incomplete Schöning underestimates a simple truth: Architecture begins not with seeing, but with using. A space is meaningful because it: supports life, organizes movement, fosters community, preserves dignity, withstands time. Cinema can depict these qualities, but it cannot generate them. 6. A Personal Reflection: From Esotericism to Human Truth — Meeting Lebbeus Woods In 2005, I visited Lebbeus Woods in his New York City studio to interview him for my film Moonwatcher: A Personal Odyssey. At that time, my approach to filmmaking was still heavily esoteric — steeped in grand themes of Creation and Destruction, mythic cycles, and archetypal figures. Woods’s speculative architectures, his explorations of rupture, instability, and alternative spatial logics, aligned perfectly with the conceptual universe I was trying to articulate. My original idea was to frame the film around Moonwatcher, the proto-human figure from the opening sequence of 2001: A Space Odyssey. Since my protagonist Dan Richter had embodied Moonwatcher in Kubrick’s film, I treated him not simply as an actor, but as a symbolic figure — the first thinker, the first maker, the first being who grasps the tool that can create or destroy. That cosmic reading fit perfectly within the atmosphere of Woods’s studio: fractured models, speculative diagrams, drawings that looked transported from another possible world. But when I assembled the early footage, a realization emerged with growing clarity: the film didn’t work. It was too conceptual, too mythic, too detached from the very person whose life it was meant to explore. The esotericism swallowed the humanity. So I did what both architects and filmmakers eventually learn to do: I returned to the human scale. I stripped away the symbolic scaffolding and focused instead on Dan Richter himself — his life, his struggles, his remarkable journey through the artistic and social revolutions of the 1960s and 70s. When the film became about Richter’s lived reality, not about the archetype he once portrayed, it transformed. It evolved into an unexpectedly epic narrative, grounded in honest voices from the hippie era — people speaking openly about their fears, their hopes, their experiments, their emotional currents. The shift from myth to person revealed a profound truth: speculation may inspire, but humanity gives meaning. It is the same lesson that tempers my critique of Schöning’s cinematic architecture and Woods’s visionary constructs: abstract systems may ignite the imagination, but it is real people — with bodies, histories, and vulnerabilities — who inhabit the world. At the end of the film, Richter delivers a line that encapsulates not only his worldview, but the entire transformation of the project: “There is nothing wrong about nature. Nature works perfectly.” A sentence spoken without myth, without theory — just experience. And that, in the end, is where both architecture and cinema find their deepest truth. Conclusion: Film enriches architecture, but cannot replace it As an architect, I welcome film as a tool that sharpens perception. As a filmmaker, I know that film is always partial, always framed. Schöning is valuable when he reminds us that architecture is an event, not an object. He falters when he implies that people move through space equipped with lenses and chips instead of bodies, memories, and emotions. Architecture may be cinematic — but it is not cinema. It remains one of the last material arts responsible for human life. And no manifesto should make us forget that we inhabit buildings with skin, breath, history, vulnerability, not with sensors and glass. Trailer: Moonwatcher: A Personal Odyssey https://youtu.be/KyZe57DJH94?si=FOLiP28tDFES3kIc